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Manele (singular: manea) is a music style from the Balkans, mainly derived from Turkish, Greek, Arab or Serbian love songs. It originates in Romania, but is also present and widespread in Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, parts of Turkey and with expatriates and emigrants originally from these regions. The genre is closely related to Bulgarian chalga (manele brought by Romanian visitors to Bulgaria is referred to as "Romanian chalga"), Serbian turbofolk and Greek laïkó, all being a mixture of local folk, Turkish and Romani (Gypsy) influences over a pop tune.
History
Early references of the term appear in Romanian texts from the late 18th and early 19th century, during the period of Turkish suzerainty over the Romanian principalities, as a genre of dance music brought by Phanariotes from Istanbul [1]. Some of these classical manele have been adapted during the ages, becoming part of Romanian folklore.
Modern manele have little if any connections with the original term. They originate in the 1980s and early 1990s as underground translations and imitations of Turkish and Arabic songs. It was being sung on the streets of Ferentari, a poor neighbourhood of Bucharest. One of the earliest known manele bands was "Azur" from Braila, in the late 1980s. A well known Romanian manele singer, Adi de Vito traces it to a genre known as "turceasca" (Turkish), saying that it "always existed".
It developed in other parts of the country, such as Oltenia and Banat, from Serbian musical influences. The genre has been rocked by accusations of plagiarism a number of times, with manele singers illegally adapting popular songs from Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey. The accusations increased especially after the hit "De ce ma minti" ("Why are you lying to me?") proved to be a mere cover of Despina Vandi's song "M'agapas"/"Ah kardoula mou". Further plagiarism accusations surrounded a well known manele singer's "Suparat"("Upset") song which was proven by third parties to be plagiarized from a Croatian song (Umoran by Jasmin Stavros) . Although this song was not technically a manea, it furthered the controversy surrounding this music genre.
Subject Matter
Manele is criticized for its lyrical content, which often consists of boasts about the singer's sexual ability, intellect ("Doamne ce ma duce capul"/"God my mind works so well"), ability to attract the opposite sex ("Toate femeile mele"/"All my women"; "Am femeie top-model"/"I've got a top-model woman"; "Femeiele ma agata"/"Women pick me up"), enemies, and their death ("Sa moara dusmanii mei"/"Let my enemies die") or wealth ("Toti banii"/"All the money", "Am un metru cub de bani"/"I've got a cubic metre of money"), or have lyrics portraying the lead singer as a high-society member ("sunt cocalar iscusit"/"I'm a skilled boss/landlord"), or a clever Mafia type ("Am relatii peste tot/Sunt sef de clan mafiot"/"I've got connections everywhere/I'm a the leader of a mafia clan"), sometimes all in one song. Some manele recordings are live performances, marked by dedications and the term "Fara numar!" ("Countless"). Many singers use bad grammar, repetitive and simplistic rhymes suitable for chanting and sometimes are vulgar and/or misogynist.
Manele composers and players also use the term "oriental music" for their creation, and consider their music a sub-genre of traditional, folk Roma music. But traditional Roma musicians reject this categorization, and consider manele a distinct and inferior genre. They reject the idea of mixing genres and of modern influences, although they accept remixes of their songs.
Traditional Roma music is usually played on classical instruments by a live band (taraf) of lautari and has classical lyrics, while manele is usually sung by only one performer using modern instruments (generally synthesizers) as backup. Most manele are recorded in small recording studios, owned by the singer himself or by a group of singers, since major recording labels refuse to contract players of the genre. However, there are some exceptions: for example, Stana Izbasa and Nicu Paleru sing live, often with traditional instruments.
Most of the singers also use stage names, such as Florin Salam (Florin Salami); Adi de Vito (real name Adrian Simionescu), who uses this name due to some resemblance to the American actor Danny deVito; Vali Vijelie (Vali the Wirlwind, real name Valentin); Florin Fermecatorul (Florin the Charmer); Jean de la Miroslovesti (Jean from Miroslovesti); Valentin Teroristu' de la Suceava (Valentin the terrorist from Suceava). Some significant manele players not to adopt a stage name are Costi Ionita,Nicolae Guta.
Manele Fashion
Male manelisti have created a distinct image on the Romanian music scene, by showing their own fashion style. Manelisti often wear very tight and colored shirts, tight pants and pointy shoes (usually expensive brands, although less wealthy individuals may prefer imitations). Manelisti are noted for using a lot of hair gel in their hair, perfume in excess and a lot of flashy gold jewelry). It is common for manele singers to own luxury cars, especially Mercedes or BMW.
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